Module 6

1. The Global South registered in broader economy on world history because of the south-south cooperation. It refers to the economic and political term which was known as the long-term goal of pursuing world changes in economics which benefited countries which were in Global South. Some of the principles guided it were non-interference in domestic affairs, national ownership and independence, respect of national sovereignty. Some countries which used this south-south cooperation termed it as the mutually beneficial that spread skills, knowledge, resources and expertise to address their development changes for example pressure of high population. "The emergence of these new nations onto the world stage as independent and assertive actors has been a distinguishing feature of world history in this most recent century."

3.  The world wars weakened Europe, while discrediting any sense of European moral superiority. Both the United States and the Soviet Union, the new global superpowers, generally opposed the older European colonial empires. The United Nations provided a prestigious platform from which to conduct anti-colonial agitation. By the early twentieth century in Asia and the mid-twentieth century in Africa, a second or third generation of Western-educated elites, largely male, had arisen throughout the colonial world. These young men were thoroughly familiar with European culture, were deeply aware of the gap between its values and its practices, no longer viewed colonial rule as a vehicle for their peoples' progress as their fathers had, and increasingly insisted on independence now. Growing numbers of ordinary people also were receptive to this message.

19. In the early part of the century, both India and China found themselves under considerable Western influence, with India being part of the British Empire and China partially occupied by several European powers. Both secured their independence in the 1940s, but China did so through revolutionary struggle, while India achieved it through more peaceful means. India in the second half of the century maintained a democratic government, while China adopted a communist government. India maintained private property, even if the state provided tariffs, licenses, loans, subsidies, and overall planning; the Chinese adopted a communist approach to industrialization before slowly shifting to a more capitalistic approach. Both grew rapidly in the final decades of the century to emerge as economic powers.