Chapter 16

• Atlantic revolutions triggered by different circumstances.
• North American Revolution (1775-1787)
• Struggle for independence from oppressive British Rule
• Shifted into a much more conservative movement although that's not what it was originally about. 
• “the most radical in the con- temporary Western world.”
  
  
  
• 
  
  British colonists were “republican in their manners . . . and their government” - Sam Adams
• Haitian Revolution
• French revolution influenced
• "To the grands blancs — the rich white landowners — it suggested greater autonomy for the colony and fewer economic restrictions on trade, but they resented the demands of the petits blancs, who sought equality of citizenship for all whites. Both white groups were adamantly opposed to the insistence of free people of color that the “rights of man” meant equal treatment for all free people regardless of race. To the slaves, the promise of the French Revolution was a personal freedom that challenged the entire slave labor system. In a massive revolt beginning in 1791, triggered by rumors that the French king had already declared an end to slavery, slaves burned 1,000 plantations and killed hundreds of whites as well as mixed-race people."
  
• Spanish American Revolutions
• Spanish colonists were previously governed by an authoritarian fashion.
• Spanish colonies were offended by Spanish monarchy and their attempt to exercise greater power.
• Lasted a long time

• I was not aware of the rippling affect of the revolutions. I think it is Human nature to feed off of each others actions as well as emotions. 
• Enlightenment-people began to criticize slavery. Felt it was time to finally end it!

Intro Chapter 5

Intro:

• Long Nineteenth Century
• "Nature Increasingly vulnerable to humans"
• "The most interesting stories of modern world history are not simply those of European triumph or the imposition of Western ideas and practices but those of encounters, though highly unequal, among culturally different peoples. It was from these encounters, not just from the intentions and actions of Europeans, that the dramatic global changes of the modern era arose " I think this is an interesting point and I agree with it. 
• Europe was a powerhouse but we often forget it was not the only country in the race. There are many other countries who influenced our world and what it has become today. 
• Haitian Revolution
• Thus the Atlantic revolutions in North America, France, Haiti, and Latin America  
• Occurred because of expensive wars, however these wars were global. It cost the countries a-lot of money. This resulted in taxes.
• CULTURAL EXCHANGE
• human political and social arrangements could be engineered, and improved, by human action. // Main Idea 
• Enlightenment ideas begin to create controversy.
• "Were liberty and equality compatible? What kind of government—unitary and centralized or federal and decentralized—best ensured freedom? And how far should liberty be extended?"
• The Ideas during the Atlantic Revolutions inspired many to abolish slavery and fight for a right to vote equally. A battle America still fights to this day truthfully. 

SND Handout

I thought this was an informative and interesting read. I walk around campus and I am surrounded by the Hallmarks and traditions the sisters have put in place but I never really took the time to know about these women.

Billart was born in the third Estate and grew up witnessing first hand the hardships of people. She was very bothered with the fact that people born with higher social statuses were often given more opportunities. More opportunities to work, to learn, etc.

Bourdan was born into a wealthier family. However, she was never wrapped up in those luxuries. She was also able to witness first hand the struggles of the lower class people, she just saw it from a different perspective.

These two women coming together from different backgrounds and being able to share the same values is very inspirational, more people NEED to be like this today. Now that I understand and know the background of the sisters and their values I see them being applied at this school more often. I think it has become one of my favorite things about NDNU.

Chapter 15

Chapter 15

• novel cultural transformations that likewise connected distant peoples
• While this ancient faith was spreading, a new understanding of the uni- verse and a new approach to knowledge were taking shape among European thinkers of the Scientific Revolution, giving rise to another kind of cultural encounter — that between science and religion.
• Christianity was limited to Europe at the beginning of the early modern era.
• 1500- began to stretch from Spain and England in the west to Russia in the east. Even Egypt, Ethiopia, Southern India, and Central Asia. 
• 16th century- Roman Catholic Christianity reformation was shattered. 
•